Fluoride is proven to reduce childhood cavities. It’s in most toothpastes, gels and mouthwashes, and most community water. Too much, though, can cause fluorosis, so we keep an eye on how much your child gets.
How fluoride prevents decay
When kids eat sugars, mouth bacteria produce acids that attack enamel, especially in children who take medications or make less saliva. Fluoride slows mineral loss from enamel and helps rebuild it. It works best alongside less sugar, regular brushing and flossing, and twice-yearly checkups.
How much is right?
| Age | Toothpaste |
|---|---|
| Under 2 | ADA-approved non-fluoridated toothpaste |
| 2 to 5 | A pea-sized amount of ADA-approved fluoridated toothpaste, twice a day. Encourage spitting out the extra. |
| 8 and up | No longer at risk of fluorosis; keep using ADA-approved toothpaste |
The amount of fluoride swallowed between ages one and four decides whether fluorosis appears later, usually as white specks on permanent teeth.
Does my child need supplements?
We’ll ask about your child’s current fluoride sources, health and diet. If your child isn’t getting enough and is at high risk for decay, we may recommend an at-home supplement.
Topical fluoride can also be applied quickly and painlessly at checkups as a foam, liquid, varnish or gel, either held in a tray for a few minutes or painted on, depending on your child’s age.